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| EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES RELATING TO LUNG CANCER | ||||||||
| AMONG NONSMOKERS MARRIED TO SMOKERS | ||||||||
| Author | Year | Location | Sex of the subject | Number of lung cancers | Average Relative Risk | Relative Risk | ||
| fluctuation (min/max) | ||||||||
| (95% confidence interval) | ||||||||
| Garfinkel 1 | 1981 | USA | F | 153 | 1.18 | (0.90 - 1.54) | ||
| Chan | 1982 | Hong Kong | F | 84 | 0.75 | (0.43 - 1.30) | ||
| Correa | 1983 | USA | F | 22 | 2.07 | (0.81 - 5.25) | ||
| M | 8 | 1.97 | (0.38-10.32) | |||||
| Trichopoulos | 1983 | Greece | F | 77 | 2.08 | (1.20-3.59) | ||
| Buffler | 1984 | USA | F | 41 | 0.8 | (0.34-1.90) | ||
| M | 11 | 0.51 | (0.14-1.79) | |||||
| Hiramaya | 1984 | Japan | F | 200 | 1.45 | (1.02-2.08) | ||
| M | 64 | 2.24 | (1.19-4.22) | |||||
| Kabat 1 | 1984 | USA | F | 24 | 0.79 | (0.25-2.45) | ||
| M | 12 | 1 | (0.20-5.07) | |||||
| Garfinkel 2 | 1985 | USA | F | 134 | 1.23 | (0.81-1.87) | ||
| Lam W | 1985 | Hong Kong | F | 60 | 2.01 | (1.09-3.72) | ||
| Wu | 1985 | USA | F | 29 | 1.2 | (0.50-3.30) | ||
| Akiba | 1986 | Japan | F | 94 | 1.5 | (0.90-2.80) | ||
| M | 19 | 1.8 | (0.40-7.00) | |||||
| Lee | 1986 | UK | F | 32 | 1 | (0.37-2.71) | ||
| M | 15 | 1.3 | (0.38-4.39) | |||||
| Brownson 1 | 1987 | USA | F | 19 | 1.68 | (0.39-6.90) | ||
| Gao | 1987 | China | F | 246 | 1.19 | (0.82-1.73) | ||
| Humble | 1987 | USA | F | 20 | 2.2 | (0.80-6.60) | ||
| M | 8 | 4.82 | (0.63-36.56) | |||||
| Koo | 1987 | Hong Kong | F | 86 | 1.64 | (0.87-3.09) | ||
| Lam T | 1987 | Hong Kong | F | 199 | 1.65 | (1.16-2.35) | ||
| Pershagen | 1987 | Sweden | F | 70 | 1.2 | (0.70-2.10) | ||
| Butler | 1988 | USA | F | 8 | 2.02 | (0.48-8.56) | ||
| Geng | 1988 | China | F | 54 | 2.16 | (1.08-4.29) | ||
| Inoue | 1988 | Japan | F | 22 | 2.25 | (0.80-8.80) | ||
| Shimizu | 1988 | Japan | F | 90 | 1.08 | (0.64-1.82) | ||
| Choi | 1989 | Korea | F | 75 | 1.63 | (0.92-2.87) | ||
| M | 13 | 2.73 | (0.49-15.21) | |||||
| Hole | 1989 | Scotland | F | 6 | 1.89 | (0.22-16.12) | ||
| M | 3 | 3.52 | (0.32-38.65) | |||||
| Svensson | 1989 | Sweden | F | 34 | 1.26 | (0.57-2.81) | ||
| Janeric | 1990 | USA | F | 144 | 0.75 | (0.47-1.20) | ||
| M | 44 | 0.75 | (0.31-1.78) | |||||
| Kalandidi | 1990 | Greece | F | 90 | 2.11 | (1.09-4.08) | ||
| Sobue | 1990 | Japan | F | 144 | 1.13 | (0.78-1.63) | ||
| Wu-Williams | 1990 | China | F | 417 | 0.7 | (0.60-0.90) | ||
| Liu Z | 1991 | China | F | 54 | 0.77 | (0.30-1.96) | ||
| Brownson 2 | 1992 | USA | F | 431 | 1 | (0.80-1.20) | ||
| Stockwell | 1992 | USA | F | 62 | 1.6 | (0.80-3.00) | ||
| Liu Q | 1993 | China | F | 38 | 1.66 | (0.73-3.78) | ||
| Du | 1993 | China | F | 75 | 1.09 | (0.64-1.85) | ||
| Fontham | 1994 | USA | F | 651 | 1.29 | (1.04-1.60) | ||
| Layard | 1994 | USA | F | 39 | 0.58 | (0.30-1.13) | ||
| M | 21 | 1.47 | (0.55-3.94) | |||||
| Zaridze | 1994 | Russia | F | 162 | 1.66 | (1.12-2.46) | ||
| Kabat 2 | 1995 | USA | F | 67 | 1.08 | (0.60-1.94) | ||
| M | 39 | 1.6 | (0.67-3.82) | |||||
| Schwartz | 1996 | USA | F | 185 | 1.1 | (0.72-1.68) | ||
| M | 72 | 1.1 | (0.60-2.03) | |||||
| Sun | 1996 | China | F | 230 | 1.16 | (0.80-1.69) | ||
| Wang S-Y | 1996 | China | F | 82 | 2.53 | (1.26-5.10) | ||
| Wang T-J | 1996 | China | F | 135 | 1.11 | (0.67-1.84) | ||
| Cardenas | 1997 | USA | F | 150 | 1.2 | (0.80-1.60) | ||
| M | 97 | 1.1 | (0.60-1.80) | |||||
| Jöckel-BIPS | 1997 | Germany | F | 53 | 1.58 | (0.74-3.38) | ||
| M | 18 | 1.58 | (0.52-4.81) | |||||
| Jöckel-GSF | 1997 | Germany | F | 242 | 0.93 | (0.66-1.31) | ||
| M | 62 | 0.93 | (0.52-1.67) | |||||
| Ko | 1997 | Taiwan | F | 105 | 1.3 | (0.70-2.50) | ||
| Nyberg | 1997 | Sweden | F | 89 | 1.2 | (0.74-1.94) | ||
| M | 35 | 1.2 | (0.57-2.55) | |||||
| The data in this table were obtained from the studies listed. In the Swartz (1996), Jöckel-BIPS (1997) and Nyberg (1997) studies, relative risk and confidence interval data were reported for the sexes combined. These data were separated based on the respective number of cases by sex, assuming the same relative risk for each sex. | ||||||||
| TABLE II | ||||||||
| EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES RELATING TO LUNG CANCER AMONG | ||||||||
| NONSMOKERS REPORTEDLY EXPOSED TO ETS IN THE WORKPLACE | ||||||||
| Author | Year | Location | Sex of the subject | Average Relative Risk | Relative Risk | |||
| fluctuation (min/max) | ||||||||
| (95% confidence interval) | ||||||||
| Kabat 1 | 1984 | USA | F | 0.68 | (0.32-1.47) | |||
| M | 3.27 | (1.01-10.62) | ||||||
| Garfinkel 2 | 1985 | USA | F | 0.93 | (0.55-1.55) | |||
| Wu | 1985 | USA | F | 1.3 | (0.50-3.30) | |||
| Lee | 1986 | UK | F | 0.63 | (0.17-2.33) | |||
| M | 1.61 | (0.39-6.60) | ||||||
| Koo | 1987 | Hong Kong | F | 1.19 | (0.48-2.95) | |||
| Shimizu | 1988 | Japan | F | 1.18 | (0.70-2.01) | |||
| Janerich | 1990 | USA | F & M | 0.91 | (0.80-1.04) | |||
| Kalandidi | 1990 | Greece | F | 1.7 | (0.69-4.18) | |||
| Wu-Williams | 1990 | China | F | 1.1 | (0.90-1.60) | |||
| Brownson 2 | 1992 | USA | F | 0.79 | (0.61-1.03) | |||
| Stockwell | 1992 | USA | F | no statistically significant association | ||||
| Fontham | 1994 | USA | F | 1.39 | (1.11-1.74) | |||
| Zaridze | 1994 | Russia | F | 1.23 | (0.74-2.06) | |||
| Kabat 2 | 1995 | USA | F | 1.15 | (0.62-2.13) | |||
| M | 1.02 | (0.50-2.09) | ||||||
| Schwartz | 1996 | USA | F & M | 1.5 | (1.00-2.20) | |||
| Sun | 1996 | China | F | 1.38 | (0.94-2.04) | |||
| Wang T-J | 1996 | China | F | 0.89 | (0.46-1.73) | |||
| Jöckel-BIPS | 1997 | Germany | F & M | 2.37 | (1.02-5.48) | |||
| Jöckel-GSF | 1997 | Germany | F & M | 1.51 | (0.95-2.40) | |||
| Ko | 1997 | Taiwan | F | 1.1 | (0.40-3.00) | |||
| Nyberg | 1997 | Sweden | F & M | 1.6 | (0.90-2.90) | |||
| The data in this table were obtained from the studies listed. | ||||||||
| TABLE III | ||||||||
| EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES RELATING TO LUNG CANCER | ||||||||
| AMONG NON-SMOKERS REPORTEDLY EXPOSED TO ETS | ||||||||
| IN CHILDHOOD | ||||||||
| Author | Year | Location | Sex of the subject | Average Relative Risk | Relative Risk | |||
| fluctuation (min/max) | ||||||||
| (95% confidence interval) | ||||||||
| Correa | 1983 | USA | F | no statistically significant association | ||||
| Garfinkel 2 | 1985 | USA | F | 0.91 | (0.74-1.12) | |||
| Wu | 1985 | USA | F | 0.6 | (0.20-1.12) | |||
| Akiba | 1986 | Japan | F & M | no statistically significant association | ||||
| Gao | 1987 | China | F | 1.1 | (0.70-1.70) | |||
| Koo | 1987 | Hong Kong | F | 0.55 | (0.17-1.77) | |||
| Pershagen | 1987 | Sweden | F | 1 | (0.40-2.30) | |||
| Svenson | 1989 | Sweden | F | 3.3 | (0.50-18.80) | |||
| Janarich | 1990 | USA | F & M | 1.3 | (0.85-2.00) | |||
| Sobue | 1990 | Japan | F | 1.28 | (0.71-2.31) | |||
| Wu-Williams | 1990 | China | F | 0.85 | (0.65-1.12) | |||
| Brownson 2 | 1992 | USA | F | 0.8 | (0.60-1.10) | |||
| Stockwell | 1992 | USA | F | 1.7 | (1.00-2.90) | |||
| Fontham | 1994 | USA | F | 0.89 | (0.72-1.10) | |||
| Zaridze | 1994 | Russia | F | 0.98 | (0.66-1.45) | |||
| Kabat 2 | 1995 | USA | F | 1.63 | (0.91-2.92) | |||
| Sun | 1996 | China | F | 2.29 | (1.56-3.37) | |||
| Wang T-J | 1996 | China | F | 0.91 | (0.56-1.48) | |||
| Jöckel-BIPS | 1997 | Germany | F & M | 1.05 | (0.50-2.22) | |||
| Jöckel-GSF | 1997 | Germany | F & M | 0.95 | (0.64-1.40) | |||
| Ko | 1997 | Taiwan | F | 0.8 | (0.40-1.60) | |||
| The data in this table were obtained from the studies listed. | ||||||||
| TABLE IV | ||||||||
| EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES RELATING TO LUNG CANCER | ||||||||
| AMONG NON-SMOKERS REPORTEDLY EXPOSED TO ETS IN | ||||||||
| NON-HOME/NON-WORKPLACE SETTINGS | ||||||||
| Author | Year | Location | Sex of the subject | Average Relative Risk | Relative Risk | |||
| fluctuation (min/max) | ||||||||
| (95% confidence interval) | ||||||||
| Garfinkel 2 | 1985 | USA | F | 1.42 | (0.75-2.70) | |||
| Lee | 1986 | UK | F | 0.61 | (0.29-1.28) | |||
| M | 1.55 | (0.40-6.02) | ||||||
| Janerich | 1990 | USA | F & M | 0.59 | (0.43-0.81) | |||
| Stockwell | 1992 | USA | F | no statistically significant association | ||||
| Fontham | 1994 | USA | F | 1.5 | (1.19-1.89) | |||
| Kabat 2 | 1995 | USA | F | 1.22 | (0.69-2.15) | |||
| M | 1.39 | (0.67-2.86) | ||||||